The study area was situated in South East Egypt, which includes soils of different parent rocks and different parent materials. These soils were either regionally derived from sandstone parent rock or continentally from basement complex parent rocks forming River Nile alluvium. Remote sensed data were manipulated from the satellite TM8 2020 for delineating the physiographic units on the base of reflected spectral signatures of different landscape elements, which cover 386,171.04 hectares. Two groups of physiographic units were identified as having different genesis. One of these groups includes dissected rock land of sandstone, pediplain of residuum, bajada and wadis of alluvium. Another group includes River Nile alluvium as levees, point bares, bow bars and alluvial plain. Soil taxa of those physiographic units were categorized as three soil orders to the level of soil family. These soil taxonomic units are: Aridisols including a) Lithic Calcigypsids, coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic in pediplain with inclusion of Lithic Calcigypsids, sandy, mixed, hyperthermic; and b) Typic Haplogypsids, coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic in bajada. Vertisols include Typic Haplotorrerts, fine, hyperthermic in River Nile alluvial plain. Entisols including: a) Typic Torrifluvents, fine loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermicin wadis with inclusion of Typic Torrifluvents, fine loamy over sandy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic.; b) Typic Torriorthents, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic occurred in levees.; c) Typic Torriorthents, fine loamy over sandy, mixed, hyperthermic in point bars; and d) Typic Torriorthents, coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic in bow bar. |
