Background: Cardiothoracic surgery is a common cause of acute respira- tory failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare the outcomes of open heart surgery patients treated us- ing oxygen delivery devices with patients who receive NIV as a first-line therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure. Materials and Methods: 40 pa- tients who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure after open heart surgery and admitted to cardiothoracic ICU 20 patients received NIV and 20 patient received oxygen by venture mask. For all patients the following measurements were performed before and after CPAP AND Venture use: CBC, blood urea, serum creatinine body temperature, chest X-ray, Arterial blood gases (arterial pH, sodium bicarbonate, pcO2, SpO2 and PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio). Results: Mean PO2 and SO2 have increased after using of both ven- ture and Cpap, increase in both PCO2 and HCO3 levels after using Venturi mask, CPAP mask was superior to venturi mask in avoiding the need of in- tubation, decreasing The ICU stay median length and also median length of hospitalization, all were lower in CPAP group than venture group. Also the mortality rate was lower in CPAP group than the venturi group. Conclu- sion: Using CPAP mask in severe AHRF following open heart surgery can avoid intubation, decreases the levels of tachypnea and arterial hypoxemia, decreases ICU stay, the length of hospitalization and also decreases the mortality rate compared with patients receiving high-concentration oxygen therapy with venture mask.
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