Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading global cause of
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Understanding the distribution
of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors across
atherosclerotic conditions is essential for effective prevention.
This study assessed the pattern of risk factors among Egyptian
patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular
disease (CVD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at
Benha University Hospital over 12 months (August 2023–July
2024). A total of 1,000 adult patients with documented CAD
(n=317), CVD (n=301), or PAD (n=382) were enrolled from
inpatient and outpatient departments. Clinical, anthropometric,
and laboratory data were collected. Results: There were no
statistically significant differences among the groups regarding
age, gender, residence, smoking status, BMI, or waist
circumference. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, and dyslipidemia was high but evenly distributed across
CAD, CVD, and PAD groups (p > 0.05). Significant overlap in
vascular comorbidities was noted (p < 0.001). Laboratory
parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol,
triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels showed no significant
differences between groups. Conclusion: This study highlights a
homogenous pattern of modifiable and non-modifiable
atherosclerosis risk factors across CAD, CVD, and PAD among
Egyptian patients. The high prevalence of shared risk factors
underscores the need for integrated screening and preventive
strategies targeting the entire cardiovascular continuum. |
