ackground: There is growing evidence that gender and sex
differences matter when it comes to many diseases'
epidemiology, etiology, treatment, and results; however, noncommunicable diseases seem to be more affected by these
differences. Aims: to investigate the effects of gender and sex
variations on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and
various diabetes CVD sequelae. Methods: A total of 1000
type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), ages 35 to 75, were included
in this cross-sectional study: 500 males and 500 females.
Results: Diabetes duration (13.34 ± 4.64 vs. 11.99 ± 5.04 ys),
HbA 1C (7.5 ± 0.55 vs. 7.28 ± 0.48 %) were considerably
higher in females than males (p < 0.001). Waist circumference,
smoking, and uric acid were significantly lower in females.
BMI, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C),
high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and
family history of premature CVD were significantly higher in
females. Heart failure, stroke, retinopathy, ischemic heart
disease, and peripheral arterial disease were insignificantly
different between both groups. While dysrhythmia, chronic
kidney disease (CKD), and peripheral neuropathy (PN) were
significantly lower in females than males.
Conclusions: Among Egyptian diabetic patients, Diabetes
duration, family history of premature CVD, BMI, HbA 1C,
TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were considerably higher in females than males. However,
Waist circumference, smoking, and uric acid were significantly lower in females. Males with
T2DM may be more susceptible to PN and nephropathy, whereas females with the same
disease may have a lower risk of arrhythmias than men with the same disease. |
