Heavy metals in water bodies are caused chiefly by anthropogenic
activities: industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, mining and hazardous
waste disposal further the causes. They could enter the water
body through varied processes, including those in direct contact
with contaminated soils and sediments, along with atmospheric
deposition. Recently, nanowaste biomass has been one of the
avenues for heavy metal removal from water. The following figures
show that these nanoparticles prepared from agricultural and
industrial wastes can absorb heavy metal ions. This adsorption
involves the complexation of biomass with heavy metal ions,
which enhances the binding; thus, these metals can be recovered
using different desorption methods. The innovative approach
reduces the concentrations of heavy metals to acceptable levels
as required by the regulatory guidelines. It also provides a costeffective
and environmentally benign alternative to conventional
remediation methods. Various physical techniques then characterised
the obtained nano waste materials. The crystal structure of
the peanut shell (PS) and its nanoparticles (PSNP) were described by
XRD, and the chemical composition was defined according to
Raman Spectroscopy and FTIR. Present research identified
a biosorbent nanoparticle powder made from peanut shells with
40 to 60 nm particle sizes, as confirmed by FESEM, HRTEM, BET and
Zeta analysis. PSNP removal efficiencies achieved for Cu2+ and Pb2+
were 94% and 91%, respectively. Contact time and pH varied to
determine the optimum conditions for removing heavy metal ions
from contaminated water supplies. |
