Abstract
This study deals with the subject of "Industrial Crafts in Arsinoite Nome during Ptolemaic and Roman Period". Arsinoite Nome is one of the most important Nomes in Egypt during Ptolemaic and Roman period. Because of the availability of raw materials, industrial crafts have flourished.
The study is divided into four chapters, begins with an introduction. Then chapter one which deals with "food industry", it talks about grinding grain and preparing bread, in addition to raw material needed to this craft. It mentions the large mills, small millstones and taxes on grinding grain and it also talks about bakeries highlighting its types, taxes, kinds of the bread. It moves to speak about alcoholic drinks, such as, beer and wine. This chapter focuses on oil industry, oil crops, oil factories and its ownership, hiring mills, stages of producing oil, tools which are used in this process, and exporting oils of Arsinoite Nome. It also talks about works in producing oils and their economic conditions. At the end of this chapter there is some information about saving fish in Arsinoite Nome.
Chapter two is about "weaving craft". It talks about raw material using in textile industry, weaving workshops, and work fields. It deals also with training on this craft, weavers’ guilds, and kinds of textiles. Then this chapter moves to exporting textile of Arsinoite Nome, tools of industry, the workers’ wages and taxes. Finally this chapter talks about other crafts which are related to weaving craft such as: washing, dyeing and repairing clothes.
Chapter three is about "Construction and Carpentry crafts". It talks about bricks making, it sheds light on the raw material using in the building, the bricks factories, and the workers’ wages. Then it deals with construction craft, the builders’ wages and their guilds. It also talks about plastering and painting works, wood industries highlighting the importance of trees as a source of wood, and carpentry stating carpenters, their fields of work, their wages, and their guilds. It illustrates products and wooden tools, ships and boots industry.
Chapter four is titled as "the Other Trades and Industries". It explains industries which are depended on fibers of plants, such as: papyrus industry, mats, baskets, ropes and nets. It illustrates pottery manufacture explaining the importance of pottery, its factories, and its craftsmen. It also deals with plastering pottery, pottery products and their uses, and taxes on potters.
Finally this chapter moves to explain metal industries such as: iron, copper, bronze, gold and silver. It talks about glass industry, its craftsmen, and its products. In addition to leather industry explaining raw leather, leather factories, tanners, taxes, guilds and leather products. It moves to talk about cutting stone craft, stone cutters, their complaints, wages, and stone products. In addition to perfumes and drugs manufacture showing composing of incense and perfumes and the role of Alum in manufacturing drugs. Then it points out to toys manufacture.
At the end of the study there were conclusion explaining the most important results of it, which is followed by appendices and list of sources and references.
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