Purpose:
To study fellow eyes in cases of idiopathic full thickness macular hole using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Subjects and Methods:
The study included 100 cases of idiopathic full thickness macular hole. Every case was subjected to full clinical ophthalmological examination and macular examination of the presenting and fellow eye using Stratus OCT. Macular changes that occurred in fellow eyes, of cases available for OCT follow up, were recorded.
Results:
Out of 100 patients with idiopathic full thickness macular hole, 8 % of fellow eyes were normal, 2% had detached posterior hyaloid with normal macula, 8% had macular thinning and 82% had different stages of idiopathic macular hole [ stage 0 with or without macular thinning was present in 56 fellow eyes (56%), stage 1 in 20 fellow eyes (20%) and stage 2 was present in 6 fellow eyes (6%)]. There was a significant relation (P-value= 0.001) between changes in fellow eyes and the stage of the macular hole in the presenting eyes. A high significant negative relation (P value=0.000) between fellow eyes with stage 1 and stage 2 and the Hole Form Factor (HFF) values in the presenting eyes was recorded. A significant negative relation (P-value=0.001) between the age of the patient and the progression of fellow eyes into advancing stage was found. As regards the changes that had occurred in fellow eyes over a mean follow up of 20 months, lack of follow up was found in 24 cases (24%), 27 cases (27%) revealed no changes and 49 cases (49%) showed changes in the form of progression into advancing stage, macular thinning. and relieved traction with or without macular thinning.
Conclusion:
OCT is mandatory in routine evaluation and follow up of fellow eyes in cases of idiopathic full thickness macular hole. It provides high spatial resolution cross-sectional view of tissues with the ability to show early changes at the vitreo-macular interface and diagnosis of idiopathic macular hole at an earlier stages. Younger age, decrease in the HFF value of the idiopathic full thickness macular hole in the presenting eyes and the presence of thickened hyper-reflective partially detached posterior hyaloid membrane with antero-posterior traction in the fellow eye are risk factors in progression of the fellow eyes into advancing stages.
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