This study as a part of Ph.D. Thesis accomplished at the National Academy, Kazakh Scientific Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine - Kazakhstan. Tomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) was reported herein for the first time on tomatoes grown under glasshouse conditions in Kazakhstan. Treatment of tomato (cv. Carolina Gold) at the seedling stage with 4% garlic extract (Immerging roots or spraying shoots) or 4% black pepper extract (spraying shoots) prevented the wilt disease symptoms expression on plants even after two months from inoculation by FOL. Most tested treatments induced a marked increase in activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in the leaves of treated plants comparing to the untreated control plants. Anatomy of the fifth leaf petioles of tomato plants treated with garlic or black pepper extract (4% conc.) at seedling stage showed induced positive changes in the water conductive elements particularly xylem vessels and width of the vascular bundles in compared with untreated plants (check). These positive changes due to tested treatments, 'might be involve also in the induced systemic resistance which lead to resist or delay development of the Fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants. |
