Summary
Bladder cancer is the tenth most common malignant disease and a common cause of cancer death worldwide in both developed and developing countries such as Egypt. It is known to affect men more than women and disease prevalence increases with age. The main type of bladder cancer is urothelial cell carcinoma with frequent recurrence and/ or metastasis.
Cystoscopy, often in combination with cytology, is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. It is however an invasive, painful, operator dependent and costly procedure, which places a substantial burden on patients and healthcare resources.
In addition to cystoscopy and cytology many noninvasive urinary markers have been developed for detection of bladder cancer. However, up till now no urinary-based tumor markers have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to replace cystoscopy in the detection of bladder cancer.
Numerous studies have addressed the potential role of microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers based on their implication in various types of cancers as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
The current work aimed to study the role of miR-19 and miR-929
in bladder cancer by determining their expression in relation to various clinico-pathological parameters. Also to determine the relationship between the expression of miR-19 and miR-929.
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71 subjects of both sexes were selected from Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Hospital. Their ages ranged from 3,- 0, years with mean value 99.15 0.1 years. The subjects were categorized into 2 groups:
A. Malignant lesion group: Included %1 patients, they were diagnosed as bladder cancer patients by clinical, radiological, cystoscopic and histopathological examinations.
B. Control group: Comprised 21 persons, age and sex matched, with histopathologically normal urothelium.
All patients were subjected to:
9. Full history taking.
2. General and local urological examinations.
3. Routine preoperative laboratory investigations including: urine analysis, complete blood count (CBC), fasting blood sugar, liver function tests, kidney function tests and coagulation profile.
,. Radiological investigations including: abdominopelvic plain X ray, ultrasonography and CT.
%. ECG (if indicated for preoperative assessment).
9. Diagnostic cystoscopy and biopsy for histopathology.
7. Molecular biology investigations: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for detection of miR-9,% and Oct,
gene expression levels.
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Voided urine (31–91 mL) samples were obtained from all individuals. Urine samples were collected using sterile urine collection cups, sealed immediately and placed on ice stored at -01oc and centrifuged at 24%11–,4111 xg for 9%–21 min. the samples were used for estimation of miR-19 and miR-929 gene expression levels by qRT-PCR.
The results of the current study showed that miR-19 expression level significantly increased in bladder cancer group compared to the control group. Also, miR-929 showed significant increase in bladder cancer group compared to control group.
The results showed that the urine expression of miR-19 was related to tumor stage and tumor grade. The higher the tumor stage, the higher the expression of miR-19 in urine. The expression of miR-19 in urine of patients with tumor grade I was significantly lower than that of patients with tumor grade II (P < .119) that was significantly lower than that of patients with tumor grade III. However, the expression of miR-19 in urine of patients with bladder cancer was not related to age, sex, smoking and malignant type (P > .1%). It is suggested that the expression of miR-
19 in urinary sediment of patients with bladder cancer is related to the progression of tumor.
Regarding expression of miR-929 in urine, the results showed that the urine expression of miR-929 was related to tumor type (P= 1.197) as it was significantly higher in Small cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) but not related to age, sex, smoking, tumor stage and tumor grade.
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