Metabolic syndrome is defined as constellation of interrelated risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia (low HDL-C, elevated TG), obesity, insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose that increase cardiovascular disease and type II DM.
Metabolic syndrome is major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic patients were defined by the presence of the following criteria.
I. Central Obesity ; defined as waist circumference equal to or more than 90 cm for men and 80 cm for female together with two of any of the following:
1. Raised triglyceride ; > 150 cm/dl or on specific treatment for this lipid abnormality
2. Low HDL-cholesterol; < 40 mg/dl in male or < 50 mg /dl in female or on specific treatment for this lipid abnormality.
3. Raised blood pressure; systolic blood pressure >130 mmhg or diastolic blood pressure >85mmhg or on specific treatment for hypertension.
4. Fasting blood glucose; >110 mg/dl or previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance.
Impaired lung function, as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), is known to be associated with increased prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases
Among the various cardiovascular risk factors, there is an association of impaired lung function with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, decreased FVC or FEV1 has been shown to be associated with persistent low grade systemic inflammation assessed by increased serum inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP).
Pulmonary function deterioration was detected where there is metabolic syndrome. Even when gender, age, smoking status, alcohol drinking and physical activity factors were reflected, limited pulmonary function deterioration showed independent relevance to increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
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