Energy drinks (EDs) are carbonated beverages containing caffeine, sugars, taurine, and herbal extracts. Their consumption has markedly increased worldwide, particularly among young individuals despite growing evidence of serious multisystem health risks. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of one of the popular EDs in Egypt at both low and high doses on the brain and pancreas of adult male albino rats through biochemical and histopathological studies. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats each). Group I served as the control group, while groups II and III received Volt ED at doses of 3.1 mL/100 g/day and 6.3 mL/100 g/day, respectively, administered orally by gavage. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University. Serum glucose, brain neurotransmitters (GABA and dopamine), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) in brain and pancreatic tissue homogenates were measured. Histopathological examinations of both organs were also performed. Results: ED administration significantly increased serum glucose and induced dose-dependent reductions in brain GABA and dopamine concentrations. Oxidative stress was evident by elevated MDA and reduced catalase activity in brain and pancreatic tissues. Histopathological findings revealed neuronal degeneration and hemorrhage in the brain, along with pancreatic necrosis and fibrosis. Conclusion: ED overconsumption induces hyperglycemia, neurotransmitter depletion, oxidative stress, and tissue damage in brain and pancreas, warranting caution regarding their consumption |
