Prof. Ahmed Eid Adly Ali :: Publications:

* Introduction: Mustafa Kazem, Abu El Ela Abdul Fatah and Osama Rateb(1998) mention that (from polgako 7a N.J study) That Swimmers differ due the swimming kind and the specific destant in many characterstics like :- Physical setup and body figure and construction .the swimmer speciality related with these characters. (64: 145) Also Mohammed Hassn Allawy (1987) pointed as a-result to the studies that done on somatics for some champions who achieved high international levels in different kinds of athlatics he finds that every sporting activity has its own difinet Somatic distiguished it . In the other hand the type of somatic cause the desier and attitude to practicing difint kind of sporting activity suited with the Somatic , for these main reasons that drive person to practicing difinit sporting activities (45: 45) Both of Osama Kamel Rateb and Aly Zaki (1992) see that the physical measures for human are one of the important and effective factors on the sporting praticing due to its different influnces related with physical , proficiency and mechanical patterns. The human body is different from one to another in the shape Figure, size and its physical abilities that qualified him to acquier the superior athlatic levels. For that, the sport searchers go to recently to identify the special physical patterns that demand each kind of the sporting activities that according to it can be select the beginner in correct way according to the scientific bases, that selection contributes effecintly to sporting superiority achievment. With ensuring the decreasd in time and effort. (10: 309) Mohammed Hassn Allawy (1992) Pointed to that almost experts indicated to champions at the international level very similar to each in the somatic, proficiency and technical level as aresult of that there is important factor identify their effort results. During competitions in sake for winning and attians records. That factor is the psychological one that play effective role in victory and superiority achievment. (16: 46) * Search Problem :- Mustafa Kazem, Abu El Ela Abdul Fatah and Osama Rateb(1998) see that the problem of swimmers selection is the important the me that acquierd interesting scince 15 years ago due to the selection in the beginning offer the time , effort and money that giving with persons they have not the abilities to become swimmers at future, indicate of this the super advanced level and records. That is aresult of increasing the training loads that can’t burden any one except who has a special ability for it, that distinguished person from the other. According to this, the achievment of advanced levels can’t burden except those persons who are having the specific pattern of swimming in addition to the psychological preparation too. (64: 175) Through the searcher experience in the swimming fild and pursuance many local and international championships he notes that there is a different between the local records and word records in almost of competition , unsperiority of our national swimmers and their unsuccessful to reach to the international levels except a few who are training outsid the country , this problem content many factors like:- training conditions or the psychological patterns for swimmer that is not taken and neglicted . or the correct method in the beginner’s selection according to difint measurs it can influence by personal affections that is against the team benefit and negliction to the physical measures and desier somatics for swimming figure related with swimming race kind. It can be a result of coaches, expereience of the shortage or the responsibles on the selection that is a due to the shortage of the selection indicators. Searcher notes also that is a varying in recording levels appeared by the individual differents between swimming teams in some clubs comparing with others, it leadingto the negliction for the somstotype in the selection. That can be essientialy adue from unknown of the suitable somatotype for each kind of swimming . that if it abundant this avilible correct method in training that leading to the advancing in the level that depend on the swimmer burden for the training dose that suit with his desirable ideal figur. On the other hand we must regard the psychological patterns in the selection. Each kind of the swimmig and each distance. Requier difint psychological patterns. For example the short distance swimmers have a psychological patterns difference from thoes ones for long distance and the ones of back strok swimmers difference from the patterns of butterfly swimmers that help them to achievment of records. These patterns must regarded during the selection because it has an important role to superiority achivement. For that the problem of the search is how to answer the quistion: Is there any difinit somatotype and psychological patterns for each kind of swimming ? and if there is ., Is there essientail relation between them ? * Aims of Research :- this search aims to:- 1- Identifying the suitable somatotype for each swimmer and swimming. 2- Identifying the suitable psych traits for swimmer. 3- Find the relation between the somatotype and psych traits for swimmer. 4- Find the relation between the somatotype and the recording level. 5- Find the relation between the psych traits and the recording level. * Imposition of Research: 1- There is somatotype distiguished each swimmer and swimming kind. 2- There is psych traits distiguished each swimmer and swimming kind . 3- There is a statistic sign between the somatotype and psych traits. 4- There is a statistic sign between the somatotype and the recording level . 5- There is a statistic sign between the psych traits and the recording level. * Search Cours :- The searcher use the tescribtional describtional method for its suitable to the search procecds nature . * Search Sample:- The search sample has been taken by intentional way , it includes of short distances swimmers in the 1st class of Eguptian clubs who participated at Egyptian competations in season 2004/2005 . The sum of the target sample was (96) swimmers – (66) of them to the essential studies and (30) for the consulted studies . * Data collective means and tools:- 1- Heath and carter measure for the Somatotypes. The searcher used Heath and Carter’s Anthropometer method to difinit the somatotypes of swimmers he depend in these tooles:- A) Data registration application for body measure. (supp.no 3) B) Reastameter to measure the body tale for approximate 1cm. (supp.no 14) C) Measuring tape for peripheries measuring . (supp.no 16) D) Midecal scale for measuring the wieght .for aprox 1kg. (supp.no 12) E) Evaluation application of the Anthropometr body type of (Heath and Carter.)/ .G). (supp.no 5) F) Distribution application of the somatotypes. (supp.no 4) G) skinfold to measuring skin thickness. (supp.no 13) H) Balvometer for width measuring . (supp.no 15) 2- psychological traits of swimmers measuring . The searcher used the measure of psych traits of swimmers prepared by (Mohameed H.Allawy) (supp.no 6) * Search Proceedings :- At the working approach in trying to target achievment and as a consequences of many previous studies in the fild of sporting psychology and in the somatotype the searcher can difinit the research proceeding steps.: 1st :- Anthropometer method of (Heath and Carter) 2nd:- The searcher followed scientific steps to difinit the psych. pattern for swimmers it come as following :- 1- Difinit the important psych trait for swimmers . 2- Difinit the specific clauses for each trait of measuring . 3- Consulted studies proceedings . 4- Measuring application on the essintial sample. * Statistic method used :- 1- The Mean avrage. 2- Standerd Deviation. 3- Correlation Coefficient. 4- Analysis of Variance. 5- T.Test . 6- LSD. * Consequences :- From the consequnces of the research , the researcher reach to:- 1- There are diffrents with statistic indication between the four swimming swimmers in the determination trait indicate to its increase for backstroke and breaststroke swimmers more than the freestyle and butterfly swimmers . 2- There diffrences with statistic indication between the four swimming swimmers in the perseverance trait indicate to its increase for backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly swimmers mor than the freestyle swimmers. 3- There are relation between self confidance and the recording level for both butterfly swimmers and backstroke swimmers while there was no correlation trait between any trait and the recording level in both breaststroke and freestyle swimming. 4- The sychological traits which mark the advanced level’s swimmers they are (Persistence , determination, self confidence, perseverance and walkefalness). The swimmer who inhance these traits which are marked and difinited for the swimmers, he couldn’t achieves the best consequences (results) weather his physical or dexterited ability was. 5- There is correlation between the somatotype and the wakefulness trait in the best swimming. But there wasn’t any correlation between any trait and the somatotype in the other swimming. 6- There is no correlation between the recording level and the somatotype for any kind of the swimming kinds at the research’s simple approoch. 7- The somatotype of all swimmers is the same. It’s the balances mesomorphy. * Recommendation:- According to the research’s concequences, the research recommendes with:- 1- The Egyption Federation for swimming cares for holding training courses for quailifying trainers and manegments for provinding them with the latest sychological and educational information and knowledge which associated with the nature of their jop for spotting on the understanding of the swimmer’s charater and his behariour. 2- Directed boys who marks by the (balanced muscular type) for (balances mesomorphy) to practicing swimming because almost of champions marks by this type. 3- Stir up the awareness for coaches about the important of somatotype study in the selection, measuring and evaluation and for its important in consistency and healthy customs. 4- Repeating is necessity of this study on other age stages to known the psychological patterns that distinguished the somatotypes at this stage. 5- Proceeding another similare study on long distances swimmers. 6- Necessity of focuse on specialests training on the measuring way to be possible proceed it easly and without errors. 7- Care with psych. Sides and patterns of swimmer which have very efficient role to swimmer superiority and championships achievment. 8- Important of coach’s awareness of the psych training that help to promote the swimmer abilities. 9- The Necessity of working on measuring proceeding continuaslly to know the swimmer type changes through each stage of swimmer during training period especially beginners ones.