This research aims to identify the biological characteristics (morphological - physiological - physical) of modern pentathlon players. The researcher used the descriptive approach because it is appropriate for the nature of the research. The research sample included (50) modern pentathlon players (first class) at City Club in Banha, registered with the Egyptian Modern Pentathlon Federation, and whose ages ranged between (17: 19) years. In addition, (20) players were used to conduct the exploratory study. The researcher reached the following conclusions:
1. Morphological determinants in selecting modern pentathlon players:
a. The first factor: It is the most important in explaining the variance in morphological measurements, as it shows strong correlations with the variables of weight, fat percentage, and body mass index. This indicates that weight and fat distribution are two essential elements in determining the morphological characteristics of modern pentathlon players, which makes them a major criterion in the selection process.
b. The second factor: It is moderately related to body circumferences such as chest and waist circumference, indicating that these measurements contribute less to the variance compared to the first factor, but they remain of medium importance in selecting players.
c. The third factor: It is related to the longitudinal characteristics of the body, such as arm and forearm length, which may be useful in selecting modern pentathlon players, despite their less importance compared to weight and fat distribution.
d. The fourth factor: It shows low correlations with different measurements, such as trunk length and skinfold thickness, which reduces its impact on the selection process.
e. The fifth factor: It explains a small percentage of the variance in morphological variables, which makes it less influential in selecting players.
2. Physiological determinants in selecting modern pentathlon players:
a. The first factor: It is characterized by high correlations with variables such as resting pulse (0.72), effort pulse (0.85), and systolic blood pressure at rest and effort (0.68 and 0.75). This factor shows utmost importance in evaluating cardiovascular functions, and therefore priority should be given to evaluating these variables when selecting players.
b. Factor Two: It has significant correlations with vital capacity (0.75) and oxygen O2 (0.6), which reflects the importance of respiratory capacity and respiratory system performance in determining the players' endurance level, and requires evaluating these capabilities when selecting.
c. Factors Three, Four and Five: They show moderate correlations with some physiological variables, indicating that they play a less important role compared to the first and second factors, but they still provide some useful indicators when selecting players.
3. Physical determinants in selecting modern pentathlon players:
a. Variables such as "horizontal prone arm flexion test" (0.781), "vertical jump from standing with bent knees" (0.849), and "horizontal leg movement" (0.743) contribute significantly to explaining the variance in physical performance, making them key variables when selecting players.
B. b- Variables such as “right grip strength” (0.634), “multi-directional running” (0.598), and “medicine ball throwing” (0.597) also contribute to explaining physical variance, but to a lesser extent than the highly correlated variables.
C. c- Variables such as “left arm ball balance” (0.425) and “static balance” (0.473) show lower contributions to explaining physical performance, suggesting a less important role for these variables in the selection process.
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