| Abstract |
Diesel fuel is considered an essential energy source and is mainly used in compression ignition (CI) engines. Diesel engines mainly emit hazardous gases into the atmosphere that negatively affect human health. The depletion of fossil fuels makes it necessary to find alternative fuels to diesel. Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) has interesting properties and could replace diesel fuel. However, WCO biodiesel increases nitrogen oxides (NOx) at high loads compared to diesel. Thus, some fuel additives, such as nanoparticles and decanol, can be used as promising diesel fuel additives and significantly affect engine performance and exhaust emission levels. Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-doped MWCNTs) and amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNTs) are excellent catalysts that have been used recently in many applications and have good properties that can be used in the diesel engines. In this study, an experimental investigation was performed by a single-cylinder compression ignition engine working at a constant speed (1500 r.p.m.) and different loads to investigate the effect of pure waste cooking oil biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions. Decanol was added to biodiesel with the optimum ratio to improve the biodiesel properties (80% biodiesel + 20% decanol by volume). Then, the recommended doses (50 and 75 ppm) for each type of nanoparticle were added to the biodiesel-decanol blend to solve the NOx problem at high loads of the WCO biodiesel-decanol blend. The recommended nanoparticle doses were obtained by adding four concentrations to diesel fuel to only investigate the effect of the nanoparticles. WCO biodiesel-decanol blends were close to diesel in engine performance, but they significantly reduced exhaust gas emissions, especially the blends with nanoparticles. At 75 % load, WCODNH75 has reduced CO, NOx, and soot by 25 %, 54.77 %, and 43.5 %, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. |
