Flat and inverted nipples are common conditions that may negatively affect breastfeeding (BF) effectiveness and maternal satisfaction. Hoffman’s exercise is a simple, non-invasive technique employed to improve nipple protrusion and enhance postpartum BF outcomes. Aim: To assess the effect of Hoffman’s exercise on BF level among primiparous women with flat and inverted nipples. Research design: a Quasi-experimental research design. Research setting: The current research was done at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinics at Benha University Hospital. Research sample: A purposive sample of 76 primiparous women was selected based on the inclusion criteria and allocated into two groups (38 women each).Tools for collecting data: Four tools were used: tool (I) a structured interview questionnaire with two sections (general characteristics and obstetric history); tool (II) Nipple Type and Inversion Grade Assessment Tool; tool (III) LATCH scale; and tool (IV) Maternal BF Evaluation Scale. Results: After implementing the approach, the study group's BF rates and mother satisfaction significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was a substantial positive correlation between total BF level and total mother satisfaction when the approach was implemented (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Hoffman’s exercise improved BF levels and increased maternal satisfaction among mothers with flat or inverted nipples during the postpartum period.Recommendation: Integrating Hoffman’s exercise into routine nursing care for mothers diagnosed with flat and inverted nipples. |
