Studies On The Propagation Of Some Treas And Shrubes:

Neamat Younis Abd El-karim

Experiments in 8 randomized complete block system with four replicates, were carried out at the Experimentel Perm of the Paculty of Agriculture atMoshtohor, Zagazig University. Egypt, during the seasons of 1981, 1982 and 198) to study seed germination ofdifferent genera and species •.Also combination of the previoWl treatments and GoA) at 0.00, 50. 100. 150 p.p.m. for 24 hoars beforesowing were conduoted Equal patches of treated seeds were sown in15 cm pots during the first week of September of each year, while with olive this was in the lest week ofNovember. Soil medium consisted of 2 part sand:!1 part loam. All pots were watered up to the adequate soilmoisture needed for best germination. The secondexperiment dealed with propagation by terminal, middleportion and leaf bud cuttings of Ficus elastica var.decors. Roxb. which were sUbjected to different treatmentsof growth regulators by dipping the basal parts as followslA. Control (distilled water).B. lEA treatments dipping for 10 seconds.at concentrationsof 0.00, 2000, 3000 , 4000, 4500, 5000, and 5500 p.p.m.C. Dipping in kinetin for 3 hours in concentrations at1, 5, 10 and 15 p.p.m.D. Dipping in kinetin for 1.5 hours in the previous concentration then followed by dipping in IBA (5000p.p.m. for 5 seconds).The treated cuttings were inserted into sand in 20 cm c181 pots, each pot contained 4 cuttings in three replicates.Data for seeds were recorded just after emerging, but for cuttings after ) months frOD planting.The most important results arelCassie didymobotrya, L.:1. Q. didymobotrya, seeds are sensitive to high H.W.Tls since soaking in cold water resulted in the bestnumber and percentage of germination. The cause may beattributed to injurious effects on embryo or due toheat influence on some biochemical pathways of metabolitesneeded by active embryo.2. Incubating seeds in wet peat moss at room temperaturefor 8 days gave the highest number of germinated seedsdue to the adequate supply of both moisture for imbititionand well gaseous exchange at early stages ofgermination.3. GA) supressed seed germination of £. dldymobotrY8 dueto changing endogenous balance of hormones in seeds.4. Chemicel analysis of seeds and seedlings indicatedthat the highest percentages of indoles were coincidedwi th seeds soaked for 24 hours. No partioular relationshipwas found between llA content and germination atearly stages.5. GA) at 150 p.p.M. ohanged the content of IAA in seedlingof previous H.W.Tt L (6000), although germination percentagesdid not increase.6. Cold water and H2S04 10 ~ treatments decreasedphenols and those treatments were effective on increasing germination. High germination percentagewae always related with lower content of phenols.7. Chemical analysis gave some particular trend showingthat exogenous treatments of seeds by H.W.T’s, H2S04 andGAJ had influence on the content of seedlings from indoles and phenols.Cassia S01UC8, L.: 1. H.W.T’s had thermal stresses on germination; seed ofc. go~uca :rollowed a lliridlar’ trend as £.. didymobotna•2. Peat moss application also was the beet treatment forbetter germination.3. It seemed that Q. SGluCa,L. has non-deep dormancywhich can be overcome by some physical treatments assoaking in cold water or inserting in wet peat moss,H2S04 may oause injury to such seeds.4. GA) decreased seed germination as compared to controlexcept at the higher concentration as 150 p.p.m.Cassia mpdeste, L:1. H.W.T.B. to 60°C gave the highest number end percentagesof germinating seeds by eoften1ng seed coats.2. Peat moss treatment gave similar trend as Q. dldymobotrYaor Q. goluca this was coincided with the shortest periodfor germination.3. GA3 application at 150 p.p.m. following H.W.T’s, L.or H2S04 stimulated seed germination as compared to control.Cassia fistula, L.I1. For H.W.T’s the shortest period to reach maximum highest number of germinated seeds resulted fromsoaking in ~.W.T, at 95°C followed by cooling. Allseeds were injured with H.W.T.I. to 95°C.2. Treating seeds with H2S04 for 30 minutes raised theirpercentage of germination to 97.2 ~ compared with 12 ~(control) and this was the best experimental treatmentincluding peat moss treatment. (The period needed farmaxims germination was statistically shorter as comparedwith contr 01) •3. GA3 treatments after H.W.T’8 or H2S04 had no greatinfluence on raising germination 8S compared to theapplication of H2S04 for 30 minutes.4. Dry seeds contained the least content of indoles 8S7.J mg/IOO gm (D.W.T.). Contents of indoles variedin seedlings between 7.3 to 20.8 mg/IOO gm (D.W.T), and the higher contents indicated 8 relationshipbetween facilitating seed germination and the increasedauxin content.5. After germination, seedlings content of phenols was 4 times as much as in dry seeds. Application of highconcentration of GA) decreased the content of phenoliccompounds in seedlings; such relationship proved thatGA3 promotion acts through inhibiting some phenolic compounds within seeds~Acacia farnesiana, Willdz1. H.W.T’s gave similar trend to £. fistula althoughH.W.T.R. to 95°0 did not completely injure seed viability.2. The best germination percentage was attained by soakingseeds for 75 minutes in H2S04•3. The most promising effect of GA) promotion to seedgermination was noticed after H2S04 treatment for30 .lnut as. The interac tioD of H2S04 30 lIlinuete% GAJ 150 p.p ••• was significant.4. Chemical analysis proved that indoles had a minor rolein seed germination of !. farneslana; seedlingscontained more indoles and phenols than in dry seeds.The contents flactueted in seedlings with no relationshipto increased germination except when GA3 was applied at high concentration as 150 p.p.m. indoles increased.5. H2S04 and GAJ or their combinations had decreased phenols in seedlings especially with treatments whichproduced relatively higher percentages of germination.Hence, phenols showed a role in germination of !. farneslana.Acacia arabica, Willd:1. H.W.T’s-L. at 95°0 reflected on the rupture and softeningseed coat layers of !. arablce. resulting in 57.2 %compared to 8 % with control.2. Dipping seede of A. erabica in concentrated H2S04 far45 minutes resulted 1n the highest number of germinatedseeds.). Incubating seeds of !. arabica in wet peat moss gavecomparatively good results.4. The best treatment of GA) which gave the highest peroentage of germination was GA) at 100 p.p.m. followingH2S04 (45 minutes) treatment.5. A positive relationship showed that treatments which increased germination were the same which decreasedphenols content in seedlings.6. H2S04 decreased contents of both indoles and phenolsin seedlings compared to controls, GA) had a definiterole on increasing seed germination of !. arabica whenthe application follow 8 previous treatment which facilitatewater absorption.europaea, L.1. H.W.T’s and H2S04 and peat moss treatments have notto be practised for the germination of Olive seeds.2. Both treatments of sodium hydroxide (10 %) for 5 minutesand sodium carbonate (5 ~) for 6 hours gave significant11the highest number of germinated seeds for both cva.). Sodium carbonate gave the most rapid germination. 4. GAJ at 150 p.p.m. following H.W.T’s raised seedgermination which was still lower thaD sodium hydroxide and carbonate treatments. 5. No relationship was found between indoles and phenolscontents in olive seedlings and germination.Ficus elastica var. decors, Roxbz 1. The best results for rooting terminal cuttings wereapplication of lEA at 5500 p.p.m. for 10 seconde orkinetin at 5 p.p.m. for 3 hrs or kinetin 15 p.p.m. for1.5 hrs x lEA 5000 p.p.m. for 5 seconds.2. The middle portion cuttings need to be treated withlEA at 5500 p.p.m. for 10 seconds, kinetin at 5 p.p.m.for 3 hrs or kinetin 10 p.p.m. for 1.5 brs x IEA 5000p.p.m. for 5 seconds.3. As far leaf bud cuttings, the successful rooting canbe fulfilled by using IBA at 2000 p.p.m. for 10 seconds,kinetin ~ p~p.m. for 3 bra. or kinetin 10 p.p.m. for 1~5bra :z: IBA 5000 p.p.m. far 5 second.Chemical analysislIn conclusion growth regnlaters have great effectson changing biochemical substances since kinetin increasedchlorophyll content and permitted more photosynthesis.