An Economic Study Of Some Land Reclamation Projects In Egypt:

Summary And ConclusionsLand reclamation represents an important activity in the Egyptianeconomy• since it is the way to sufficient and low. cost food for theoverall size of population .This study aims at making an economic study for land reclamationprojects in Egypt . It was divided into five chapters in addition to theintroduction , swmnaI)’ and conclusions .The study showed that there is a continuos declinat in the averageper capita of cultivated and cropping areas, since each of them have beendecreased from about 0.48 and 0.68 feddan in year 1907 to about 0.12 and0.22 in year 1994 . this declination lead to increasing the gap in foodneeded.The study also includes the total area of the new land in Egypt in1995 , which is about 1.750343 million feddan . The area of Nobariacomes at the first degree of the new land reclaimed in Egypt, it’s about39.58 0.0 and the sharkia governorate comes in the second degree.The study declared that the winter cropping formulation of the newland in 1995 took automatically the same direction of the insufficientcrops, such as wheat barley and beans . In the same time the summarycropping formulation took the direction of the exporting crops such aspeanut , rice and cotton .The study summarized the objectives of land reclamation projects in:military and safety, political, economic and social objectives.The study showed that the total available quantity of water to use inthe horizontal expansion in Egypt in 1998 is 8 billion m 3 , which will besufficient to reclaim 1.350 million feddan only, but the available areas forhorizontal expansion are 6.7 million feddan The study also included a financial and economic analysis for landreclamation projects of the sarnple-ehosen in the South of’Houssinia Valley-in Sharkia governarate. The financial analysis showed that these projectsachieved a pasitive present value even in the graduates projects and theprivate sector projects . The internal rate of return was about 23.16 ~~ ,22.85 0’0, 29.6 ~’o, 26.6 % and 29.4 % for the graduates projects of area 5teddan , the private sector area 20. 50 , 100 and 200 feddan in the samesequence.The pay- back period were 4.32 ,4.38,3.38,3.96 and 3.40yearfor the previous projects in the same sequence. The economic analysis ofthese projects showed that these projects achieved an additional pasitivepresent value , this means that they cover not only the salaries paid fortheir operation, but also gain additional positive social benefits.The study also shed lights on the economic maturity of thereclaimed land of the sample projects even for the graduates or the privatesector . these projects have reached the supper marginal stage ofproduction after three years of cultivation.The study also showed the role of management to reach quicklyeconomic maturity stage of these projects. It showed that there issignificant positive relation between factors of management ( planning •organizing , directing and controlling) and the economic rate of return. itincluded indicators of managerial efficiency of land reclamationcompanies, such as the general company, Arabic company and Com.Embo company . The study found that there are modest standards ofplanning , organizing , directing and controlling in these companies. Themodest standards lead to increasing the cost of land. reclamation perfeddan , compariug with the private sector.The average cost of reclamation per feddan in the private sector wasLE 2250 and L.E 3500 in these companies.The study recommends the following: -• Increasing the utilization of agricultural and housing water drainage for irrigation pwpose.Increasing the role of information and acknowledgment organizations todevelop the proper understanding of the importance of water rationalization in Egypt.• Continuity of implementation programs of graduates projects prosperity •and giving opportunities for the private sector to contribute effectively inthese projects by using encouraging prices and credits needed.•Developing technical and administrative efficiency in the area of land reclamation even for the companies 1 graduates and the private sector 1 through suitable technical and administrative training programs .oviding extension and research services related to land reclamation onthe spots .