The Educational Impact Of Some Used Collective Guidance Methods In El- Qaliubiya:

As agriculture turns to be an industry, the importance of thesupporting agricultural services arose in both developed and underdeveloping countries.Hence, a deep need emerged to develop rural societies andmodernize its individuals through directed or pre-planed developingprograms that initiated by agricultural extension among other differentgovernmental institutions.The role of agricultural extension in the ARE is vital for it helps toovercome development constraints by identifying field problems toresearch system, bringing back applicable solutions as well as takingover the process of farmers persuasion including the change of theirknowledge, attitudes, skills and practices using a wide variety ofextension methods.Group contact methods including General Extension Meetings,Process Demonstration Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetingsare of the most used agricultural extension methods in ARE because theycope with the nature of Egyptian farmers as the target audience. Theimportance of using these three methods leaned - practically - on someresults of a few studies aimed at identifyingthese methods’ impact onfarmers. Yet, these results was not sufficient to determine the relativeeffect of each method separately or a mix of them to maintain behavioralchanges.Accordingly, it is essential to fulfillthis gap of knowledge through astudy uses the experimental method to measure the effect of thesecontact methods and its combinations on the knowledge and attitudes ofCotton Growers which is not covered by the pervious studies.Sequentially, this study is designed to : 1 - Identifying Cotton Growers’ awareness knowledge of bio-controlaccording to their different exposure to the group extension methodsused, which are :a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.h - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.2 - Identifying Cotton Growers’ How to knowledge of bio-controlaccording to their different exposure to the group extension methodsused, which are :a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.h - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.3 - Identifying Cotton Growers’ attitudes toward Integrated best -controlaccording to their different exposure to the group extension methodsused, which are:a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.h - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.4 - Define the difference between the effect of the seven studied methidstreatments combinations studied on Cotton Growers’ of bio-control.The treatments are :a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.11 - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.5 - Define the difference between the effect of the seven treatmentsstudied on Cotton Growers’ Awareness Knowledge and How ToKnowledge of bio-control. The treatments are :a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.h - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.6 - Define the difference between the effect of the seven combinationsstudied on Cotton Growers’ attitudes toward bio-control. Thetreatments are :a - General Extension Meetings.b - Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Result Demonstration Meetings.d - General Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.e - Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings.f - General Extension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings.h - General Extension Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings andResult Demonstration Meetings.This study took place in Banha district, Qualubia Governorate.Seven villages were chosen randomly among the 43 villages ofBanhadistrict considering a suitable distance between villages to avoid anyinterference between the treatments’ effects. The seven villages were:Sheblinga that have 794 cotton Growers, with a total land holds of 552feddans, Marsaffa that have 477 cotton Growers, with a total land holdsof 373 feddans, Derrunlo that have 221 cotton Growers, with a total landholds of 183 feddans, Kafr EI-Gazzar that have 186 cotton Growers,with a total land holds of 112 feddans, Meet Assem that have 186 cottonGrowers, with a total land holds of 100 feddans, EI-Shamout that have187 cotton Growers, with a total land holds of 134 feddans, Narsees thathave 150 cotton Growers, with a total land holds of 83 feddans.A random sample of 30 cotton Growers was drawn formLandholders’ Files in the seven villages’ Agric. corporations with a totalof 210 cotton Growers during 1993 agricultural season. It wasconsidered that the interviewees did not grow cotton in the previousseason and haven’t heard about bio-control or integrated pest control incotton.An experiment was designed using the experimental methodologyto determine the effect of the studied three group teaching methodsstudied and their combinations and the difference between these effectson cotton Growers’ awareness knowledge, how to knowledge and theirattitudes toward integrated pest control. The design included seventreatments experimented in the seven villages. Three treatments impliedgroup extension methods one at a time which are : General extensionMeetings in El-Shamout village, Process Demonstration Meetings inMeet El-Assem, and Result Demonstration Meetings in Narsees village.Each of the other four treatments applied a combination of the threemethods mentioned above as follows : General extension Meetings andProcess Demonstration Meetings in Kafr EI-Gazzar village, Generalextension Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings in Denunlo,Process Demonstration Meetings and Result Demonstration Meetings inMarsaffa village, and General extension Meetings, ProcessDemonstration Meetings, and Result Demonstration Meetings inSbeblenda village.The data were collected by interviewing farmers using a pre-testedquestionnaire. The questionnaire contained the questions, indicators andscales to test cotton Growers’ awareness knowledge ,how to knowledgeabout bio-control and their attitudes toward integrated pest control. Afterestimating the farmers’ degree of response to the test, the data wereanalyzed using: analysis of variance (F test), Duncan’s Multiple-rangemeasurements to test the significance of differences between the averagedegree of cotton Growers’ awareness knowledge, how to knowledgeabout bio-control and their attitudes toward integrated pest control forthe seven treatments studied. The arithmetic mean was also used tocalculate the degree of cotton Growers’ awareness knowledge. how toknowledge about bio-control and their attitudes toward integrated pestcontrol.The results reached were as follows :1 _ Cotton Growers achieved a high degree of information concerningawareness knowledge and how to knowledge about bio-control in theseven treatments for all recommendations.2 _ Most interviewees’ attitudes in the seven treatments were highlyfavorable except for the treatments of General extension Meetings andProcess Demonstration Meetings in which their attitudes werefavorable.3 _ The most effective method of the three group methods studied wasResult Demonstration Meetings alone that affected interviewees’awareness knowledge and how to knowledge when used alone.4 _ General extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetingswere the lowest among the seven treatments studied to affectinterviewees’ awareness knowledge and how to knowledge.5 _ The double and triple combinations did not surpass the singlemethods to affect interviewees’ awareness knowledge and how toknowledge, except:_ All treatments surpassed General extension Meetings._ The triple combination and Process Demonstration Meetings & ResultDemonstration Meetings treatment surpassed Process DemonstrationMeetings.6 _ The treatments that applied single method were the least treatmentsof the seven studied to affect interviewees’ attitudes, and this meansthat either one of them is an equivalent when needing to format orchange farmers attitudes, as no significant difference among theireffect was found on attitudes’ formation or changing.7 _ The double combinations of General Extension Meetings & ProcessDemonstration Meetings, Process Demonstration Meetings & ResultDemonstration Meetings and General Extension Meetings & ResultDemonstration Meetings surpassed General Extension Meetings whenused alone to affect interviewees’ attitudes, while neither of themsurpassed Process Demonstration Meetings and Result DemonstrationMeetings except that the treatment of Process DemonstrationMeetings & Result Demonstration Meetings surpassed the treatmentof Process Demonstration Meetings.8 - The triple combination treatment surpassed the single treatments ofGeneral Extension Meetings and Process Demonstration Meetings,Result Demonstration Meetings to affect interviewees’ attitudes.9 - The double and triple combination treatments hadn’t surpassed eachother to affect interviewees’ attitudes toward integrated pest control incotton.The applicable results of the study can be summarized as follows :1 - The planers and executives of extension programs that aim tocommunicate awareness knowledge or how to knowledge to cottonGrowers in the studied area might consider the following:a - Both kinds of knowledge about bio-control in cotton showed thatmost studied information are still considered knowledge educationalneeds in the studied area specially that with the lower or aboveaverage degree of knowledge, which is considered educationalopportunities that can be used in future.b - The necessity of developing cotton Growers attitudes towardintegrated pest control in the studied villages and showed unfavorableattitudes of cotton Growers specially when General ExtensionMeetings and Process Demonstration Meetings.c - Using Result Demonstration Meetings alone or the combination ofProcess Demonstration Meetings & Result Demonstration Meetingsor the triple combination when aiming to communicate awarenessknowledge or how to knowledge.d - Using either of the three group methods or their combinations studiedas equivalent when aiming to format or change farmers attitudestoward integrated pest control in the order of: the triple combination,the double combination specially Process Demonstration Meetings &Result Demonstration Meetings, and the single methods of ProcessDemonstration Meetings or Result Demonstration Meetingssequentially.2 - A future research is needed in the area of extension methods and aidsto study the single or accumulative method effect on farmersknowledge, skills and attitudes in different areas and educationalsituations that is not covered in this study.