Economy&production And Marketing Of Poultry In The Arab Republic Of Egypt:

Poultry Production Industry is a fann of naturaI resourcesexploitation to produce animal PTotein . It is, therefore, alfected byall factors which have imJ>actson agricultural production.f1I iThe objectives of this study are to eJq>lorethe potentialities ofPOultry industry under the new CCOnomicreforms, find out whetheror not Egypt enjoys COJ1JJ>arativeadvantage in POultry production ,measure the imJ>actsof pricing policies on production, CODswnptionand marketing efficiency as weD .,I1,To achieve the study objectives Some Statistical AnalysisMethodolOgies were PTOcessed , Agricultural Policy Aoalysis Matrixand a Simple Market Level Model Wereput into practice .sectionTsh. e study has four main chapters, in addition to a l1lImber ofThe first chapter covers the inlroduction , problem of theresearch and the review of Jetrature.-The SCCOod c1Japrer tacldes poultry JII’Oductionin Egypt in fivesectioo . The first sectiau dcaJs with ~ dislribution of••. Z. gj .•• ., JlRJducIioo . 1JIe SCICoDdsection studies cost ofbroiIa- JlIUduetion in Jlrivatc lIDdPIIbIic sector as wen as analyses Oflong aDiI short tenn cost functions to de&e the ~an size of~ 1JIe tlIIini lICCCiaa -- JlRJducIioo aad CIOIutioD Of .’ . .r~ -’,- .poultry feed. The fourth section studies the relationship between thecultivated lands ~and livestock and poultry wealth. The fifth sectionsheds light on evolution and impacts of credit policy , kind of loans ,interest rate on poultry production industry .Chapter three focuses on evaluation of production policy byusing Policy Analysis Matrix .Chapter four concentrates on poultry marketing aspects basedon studying marketing margins and channels, time prices movementsof broilers ~seasonal and periodical changes . In consistence with thesubject of the research, chapter four tackles vertical and horizontalintigration ~ distortion of marketing systems and measuring impactsof price changes on production , consumption and marketingefficiency by using a Simple Market Level Model .IThe study reveals that broiler production is concentrated in Ilower Egypt . The study also reveals that broiler production rate ofgrowth at national level amounted to 6.02% during 1981-1986 but ithas gone downwards during 1987-1993 reaching (-5.49%) table eggproduction is consentrated in governorates ” Giza ~ Sharkia ,Kaliobia , Cairo, and Behaira n as they contributed 65% of totalnational production over the period 1981 - 1993. The cost of production per ton of broiler is estimated at L.E .3115.85 in public sector and L.E. 3054 in private sector.Studying evaluation of poultry feeds 1980-1986 indicates anupward trend at 274 thouthand tons annually. But during 1987-1993• poultry feed production declined by 140 thouthand tons per annum )attributable to phasing out of subsidy on poultry feed . The studymade clear that actual production to total need ratio at the nationallevel has declined to 67% in 1993 compared with 93.45% in 1985 .The study clarified that capacity per feddan of broilers is aboutone ton produced over a period of seven weeks . But capacity perfeddan of veal fattening fed by berssem for six months is estimatedat five calves achieving an extra weight of 540 k.g. Therfore thestudy pointed out that convertion rate of poultry compared with thatof fattned calves is 2: 1 .Loans for poultry production reached L.E 98.5 millions in 1982and moved up to L.E 344 millions in 1990/1991 with an annualincrease ofL.E 37.6 millions during 1982/83 - 1990/1991 .The study also was concerned about agricultural policy analysiswhich indicates that poultry production policy in Egypt does notachieve its all objectives t due to distortions of market and itsaffiliating institutions .Studying marketing aspects revealed that marketing margins ofmeat poultry ranged from 13% to 22% of consumer price . Pricemovement in terms of time showed that there is a direct proportionalrelationship between retail price and time elapse .In addition, thestudy indicated that index nwnber of wholesale price of meat poultrydeclined below average between January and July reaching itsbottom line 95.82 of average in January and goes above averageduring Aug., Sept. ,Oct. , Nov. and Dec. and reaches its peak 106.5in October . This is attributable to running of some poultryproduction sheds’ out of business because of high temperaturedominating in these months , diseases ,high mortality rate ,underweight leading to decline of economic retwns .The study also clarified that vertical integration of poultryindustry manifests itself in the sequence of production process fromthe very beginning up to the final stage of production . whereashorizontal integration is shown between poultry industry and otherrelated industries ( feed,equipments,veterinarian care and vaccines) .To measure impacts of pncmg policy on production ,conswnption and marketing efficiency , the study functioned themarket model . The results of application of market model indicatedthat if liberalization of price had been implemented in early 1980’s,Egypt’s production would have increased by 77 thousand tons 1981 -1985 and 44 thousand tons 1980 - 1992 . Meanwhile, conswnptionwould have been cut by 22 and 10 thousand tons respectively overthe two periods previously mentioned.