Biotechnological Studies On Linc, Iron, Copper And Manganese Bidavailability Df Some Cereal Products:

Ayman Ezzate Mohamed Soliman

partial SlIpp1L’ llll’ II[ ; ltioll wlll’al llour UII,1 with l1a llll:1I hk’IHI ; 11 levels .I,()&)I~IIand chemical salts blend. Chemical composition, minerals content,rheological properties, organolyptic evaluation, biological evaluation andhislopalhologicd cxnminution were studied. TIll’ obtained results weresummarized as follow:l-Chcmical composition of used raw materials : The chemical analysis showed that wheat flour (72%) contained11.5% moisture, 11% protein, 1.31 %fat, 0.98% fiber, 0.50% ash, 86.21 %carbohydrates and 400.63K.Cal/l OOg. Defatted soy flour containted10.71% mositure, 48.61% protein, 5.35% fat, 3.16% tiber, 3.92% ash, 38.96% carbohydrates and 398.43K.Cal/l00g. Sesame contained 4.18%moisture, 21.34% protein, 55.12% fat, 5.14% fiber, 3.81 % ash, 14.49%carbohydrates and 639.40K.CaI/IOOg. Thyme contained 6.32% moisture,10.21% protein , 6.17% fat, 16.13% fiber, 12.54% ash, 54.65%carbohydrates and 314.97 K.CaIiIOOg. Cumin contained 7.15% moisture,18.23% protein, 13.65%fat, 6. 19%fiber, 7.24% a5h,54.69% carbohydratesand 414.53%K.Cal 100g. Coriander contained 9.33% moisture, 11.15%protein, 15.39% fat, 23.57% fiber, 4.82% ash, 45.07% carbohydrates and363.39K.Cal II OOg. 2-Minerals content of used raw materials : The results dernonestrated that wheat flour (72%) containing from Fe, Zn Cu and Mn were 1.86,0.98,0.82 and O.72mg/ 100g respectively. Defatted soy flour containing from Fe, Zn,Cu and Mn were 9.19 , 5.84,3.25 and 1.55mg/lOOg successively. Sesame containing from Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn Were 13.78, 9.52, I. 17and I. 26mg/l OOgrespectively. Thymecontaining from Fe,Zn, Cu and Mn were 122.36, 6.73 , l.i3 and 1.59mg/100g respectively. Cumin containing from Fe,Zn,Cu and Mn were53.45, 5.57, 1.49 and 1. I3mg/l OOg successively. Coriander containingfrom Fe,Zn, eu and Mn were 17.41,6.19, 1.2i and r. 92mg/l OOgrcspecti vely. 3-Rheological properties:3.1. Farinograph test : The results declared an increase in water absorption in all blends,this increasing was probably as a result of the higher protein content ofthe blends causing greater hydration capacity. Arrival time and doughdevelopment time increased except for chemical blend no changed.Dough stability decreased in nataral blend at levels 3,6 and 9%. Thisdecrease may le due to the higher fiber content which destoryed thegluten matrix, while chemical blend increased. Dough weakeningincreased in natural blend at levels 3,6 and 9% while chemical blenddecreased when compared with control.3.2. Extensograph test:The data mentioned that dough extensibility decreased in allblends. Resistance to extension decreased except for chemical blendincreased. This increasing may be to the oxidizing SH-group to S-S bondsSl 1~11’l.U ;NIl t ’ONt ’U ISIONI”rlllll 1)0,.1 Itl 1)~,21 111f:’/dI, 111’1.’:1 r:ll1l,’,l’dfl’lllll[,l” 101:-’,1)01111-’/111 .uu] * •..creatinine ranged from 0.95 to,O.97 mg/dL 9_Histopathological examination:Liver in anemic control occurred severe congestion and hemolysis.Liver in group No.1 occurred mild to moderate congestion and hcmolysis.Liver in group No.2 occurred mild vacular degeneration. Liver in groupNo.3 occurred hemorrhage and moderate vacular degeneration. Liver ingroup No.4 occurred congestion, hemorrhage and fatty change. Spleen inanemic control occurred depletion of lymphocytes in the white pulp with hemosidrosis in diffuse manner allover the anemic red pulps. Spleen ingroup No.1 occurred congestion, hemolysis and hernosidrosis withnormal white pulp. Spleen in group No.2 occurred well organized whitepulp with slight hemosidrosis. Spleen in group No.3 and 4 were as normalcontrol. Kidney in anemic control occurred hemorrhage, hemolysis anddilatation in the renal tubules. Kidney in group No.1 occurred moderatecongestion and hemolysis. Kidney in group No.2 occurred mildcongestion without hemolysis. Kidney in group No.3 occurred mildcongestion and hemolysis. Kidney in group No.4 occurred mildhemorrhage without hemolysis and degenerative changes in renalepitheliums. Lung in anemic control occurred severe congestion inperibroncheal and perialveolar blood vesseles in association with oedema.Lung in group No.1 occurred peri alveolar congestion and emphysema.Lung 111 group No.2 occurred very slight congestion lung in group No.3was normal.Lung in group No.4 occurred mild congestion in perialveolarcapillaries. Heart in anemic control and group No.1 occurred hemorrhage.Heart in group No.2 and 3 were normal cardiac muscle. Heart in groupNo.4 occurred slight mononuclear cells aggregation, from this investigation it could be concluded that group No.3 ofrats which fed on 9% natural blend was the best group concerning bloodanalysis and histophathological examination. Finally, the minerals intake of population who subsist on wheat flour and other cereals are often low thus, can be applied to extrapolating the finding of the study to human subject, especially in those areas where diets are marginal in nutrients and the major portion of daily caloric intake come from foods of plant origin f0100.